Abstract
This study examines the impact of government expenditure on economic growth in the North Eastern Region of India, addressing whether government spending causes economic growth or vice versa. Using the Toda-Yamamoto causality approach, the analysis reveals that the Wagner hypothesis holds in one state, while the neutrality hypothesis is supported in the other states. These findings suggest that policymakers should consider not only the amount of government spending but also the efficiency of public expenditure when formulating fiscal policies.
References
Akinboade, O. A., & Braimoh, L. A. (2010). In-ternational tourism and economic development in South Africa: a Granger causality test. Interna-tional Journal of Tourism Research, 12(2), 149–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.743
Arpaia, A., & Turrini, A. (2007). Government Ex-penditure and Economic Growth in the EU: Long-Run Tendencies and Short-Term Adjustment. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2004461
Cenc, H. (2022). Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Euro Area Countries. Naše Gospodarstvo/Our Economy, 68(2), 19–27. https://doi.org/doi:10.2478/ngoe-2022-0008
Chaudhuri, P., & Sengupta, B. (2009). REVENUE-EXPENDITURE NEXUS FOR SOUTHERN STATES: SOME POLICY ORIENTED ECONOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS Working Paper No. 48/2009. Madras School of Economics
Ebaid, A. & Bahari, Z. (2019). The Nexus be-tween Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: Evidence of the Wagner’s Law in Ku-wait. Review of Middle East Economics and Fi-nance, 15(1), 20170001. https://doi.org/10.1515/rmeef-2017-0001
Ayad, H., Sari Hassoun, S. E., & Belmokaddem, M. (2020). Causality between Government Ex-penditure and Economic Growth in Algeria: Ex-plosive Behavior Tests and Frequency Domain Spectral Causality. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research / Academy of Economic Studies, 54, 315–332. https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/54.2.20.19
Efthalitsidou, K., Zafeiriou, E., Spinthiropoulos, K., Betsas, I., & Sariannidis, N. (2021). GDP and Public Expenditure in Education, Health, and De-fense. Empirical Research for Greece. Mathemat-ics, Vol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9182319
Ghosh, S., & Gregoriou, A. (2008). The Composi-tion of Government Spending and Growth: Is Current or Capital Spending Better? Oxford Eco-nomic Papers, 60(3), 484–516. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25167702
Marica, S., & Piras, R. (2018). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND GROWTH. Rivista Interna-zionale Di Scienze Sociali, 126(2), 123–152. Re-trieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26538304
Menyah, K., & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2013). Gov-ernment Expenditure And Economic Growth: The Ethiopian Experience, 1950–2007. The Journal of Developing Areas 47, 263-280. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2013.0015.
Narayan, P., Prasad, A., & Singh, B. (2008). A test of the Wagner’s hypothesis for Fiji islands. Applied Economics, 40, 2793–2801. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600972472
Poku, K., Opoku, E., & Agyeiwaa Ennin, P. (2022). The influence of government expenditure on economic growth in Ghana: An Ardl ap-proach. Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 2160036. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2160036
Popescu, C. C., & Diaconu (Maxim), L. (2021). Government Spending and Economic Growth: A Cointegration Analysis on Romania. Sustainabil-ity, Vol. 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126575
Rani R, Kumar N. Wagner hypothesis in India: An empirical investigation from pre and post re-form period. J Public A fairs. 2022; 22:e2395. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2395
Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1), 225–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 South India Journal of Social Sciences