Keywords
Sustainable livelihood security
Land tenure
Tribal communities
Forest-based livelihood
How to Cite
Abstract
This study examines the impact of land tenure security under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 on the sustainable livelihood outcomes of the Santal tribal community in Bankura district, West Bengal. Drawing on primary data from 208 forest-dwelling households—both recipients and non-recipients of Individual Forest Rights (IFR or ‘patta’)—and secondary sources, the research employs a Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) and multiple linear regression analysis to assess ecological, economic, and social dimensions of livelihood security. While FRA title holders demonstrate enhanced economic security and stronger social capital through higher participation in Forest Protection Committees and community organizations, they lag in human and financial capital compared to non-FRA households. Regression results underscore the significance of legal land entitlement, income, livestock ownership, education, and forest dependence as key determinants of livelihood security. However, the majority of FRA beneficiaries underutilize their patta land, largely due to its non-arable condition and lack of institutional support. Despite its progressive intent, the FRA’s potential remains partially unrealized. The study highlights the need for integrated policy interventions focusing on capacity building, institutional coordination, and productive land use to fully harness the socio-economic benefits of the FRA and ensure long-term livelihood sustainability for forest-dependent tribal communities.
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