Exploring the Challenges Faced by Tibetan Cooperative Societies. A Case Study of Cooperative Societies in West Bengal and Sikkim

Abstract

Tibetan cooperative societies have been operating for over half a century playing a crucial role in preserving the socio-cultural fabric of the Tibetan Community. Despite its significant role, research on these societies remains limited. While existing research highlights the contribution and challenges faced by cooperative societies. However, specific experiences of Tibetan cooperative societies have been overlooked. It remains unclear whether the challenges the society faces are similar to those of the general cooperatives or are shaped by unique cultural factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify the challenges faced by the Tibetan Cooperative Society in Sonada (West Bengal) and Ravangla (Sikkim), established in 1966 and 1986 respectively. A qualitative research design was adopted with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders, providing an in-depth insight into the challenges faced by these cooperative societies. Thematic coding was used to analyze the data, revealing that in addition to the common challenges such as financial, operational, and managerial challenges found in cooperative societies, cultural challenges were notably significant, especially relating to maintaining relationships with the local community, market accessibility, and financial sustainability. Therefore, this study contributes not only to broadening the literature on cooperative societies of marginalized communities but also underscores the importance of targeted interventions to address these challenges to enhance the cooperative society’s long-term sustainability.