Abstract
With India's economic liberalization in the 1990s, there emerged significant contention on the government's function as a market mediator or facilitator. The government chose to assume the position as a protector of the impoverished. It was an era when India was perceived as the epitome of poverty. Consequently, initiatives prioritized poverty alleviation above environmental and human rights issues, as is still the case. Companies persisted in investing in social good driven by personal inclination and generosity, rather than any sense of responsibility. This study analyzes primary data from 116 respondents, comprising 18 Directors and Chief Executive Officers, 39 Employees, and 59 stakeholders, picked from 100 Indian enterprises. The multiple regression analysis results indicated that the profitability of the company positively influences CSR activities (Prof_CSR_1), and CSR positively affects customer service, which in turn enhances profitability (Prof_CSR_3), demonstrating that CSR significantly impacts the company's profitability.
References
Awaysheh, A., Heron, R. A., Perry, T., & Wilson, J. I. (2020). On the relation between corporate social responsi-bility and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 41(6), 965-987.
Dau, L. A., Moore, E. M., & Newburry, W. (2020). The grass is always greener: The impact of home and host country CSR reputation signaling on cross-country in-vestments. Journal of International Business Policy, 3(2), 154-182.
Halkos, G. E., & Nomikos, S. N. (2021). Reviewing the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) legal framework. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal.
Karyawati, G., Subroto, B., Sutrisno, T., & Saraswati, E. (2020). Explaining the complexity relationship of CSR and financial performance using neo-institutional theory. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies.
Kolk, A., & Van Tulder, R. (2010). International business, corporate social responsibility and sustainable develop-ment. International business review, 19(2), 119-125.
Saner, R., Yiu, L., & Søndergaard, M. (2000). Business diplomacy management: A core competency for global companies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 14(1), 80-92.
Schröder, P. (2021). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) website disclosures: empirical evidence from the German banking industry. International Journal of Bank Market-ing.
Sinthupundaja, J., Chiadamrong, N., & Kohda, Y. (2020). Knowledge acquisition from intra-and inter-organisational relationships, CSR and financial perfor-mance. International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 11(2), 190-209.
Williams, G., & Zinkin, J. (2008). The effect of culture on consumers' willingness to punish irresponsible corporate behaviour: applying Hofstede's typology to the punish-ment aspect of corporate social responsibility. Business Ethics: A European Review, 17(2), 210-226.
Zutshi, A., Creed, A., Panwar, R., & Willis, L. (2021). Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Curators’ specific responses from Australian museums and art galleries. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(5), 651-667.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 South India Journal of Social Sciences