Art and Architecture in Bhadarwah Region of Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

The region of Bhadarwah (Happy Region) is called ‘Nag Bhoomi’ or the land of Nagas. The Bhadarwah region is bound to the Hindu religion and there is also the assimilation and acculturation of the Naga culture. The shawl manufacture, carved combs, and the schools of painting and preserving the hay are present in its culture. The entire Hindu population of Bhadarwah believes in Nag worship. Several temples of Basak (Vasuki) Nag were built in vernacular style in and around Bhadarwah. The Naga shrines are constructed with a square chamber built of layers of stones with wooden beams surrounded by a verandah and covered with a conical wooden roof. The architectural style in the hilly regions is Shikhara style built in wood or concrete, depending upon the raw material available. The baoli (tank or pond) art and architecture represent the ancient practice in Bhadarwah. A beautiful black stone moustachioed crocodile-mouthed hose in Gandharan style is present in Sungli baoli. The idols and the hose are a great artistic skill which is the representation of stonework. Temples and stone idols around the spring provide sanctity so that they are not polluted. The Kud or Kodd is a folk dance performed in the worship of Vasuki Nag. The Gupta Ganga cave inscription is associated with Pandavas, Buddhists, Saivites, and Puranic Hinduism. The haystack is unique to this region resembling the Vimana of the temple. The existence of Brahmi inscription points out the rule of Kushanas, Sakas and Khaks.